坠楼见于儿童玩耍不慎从阳台等处掉下，或者施工时不慎从高处摔下，或者自杀者从高楼跳下。无论哪一种情况，都会造成不同程度损伤，以至死亡。依据楼层高度、着地部位、地面状况等因素，坠楼可形成颅脑外伤、胸外伤、腹外伤、四肢及脊柱骨折等损伤。

　　坠楼时臀部着地往往发生脊柱压缩性骨折。下肢瘫痪，有时合并骨盆骨折，尿道断裂。四肢骨折是坠楼常见损伤。

　　腹部伤多发生肝、脾破裂和肾挫裂伤。病人有内脏出血表现：面色苍白、脉搏细弱且快、口渴、腹痛、恶心呕吐、血压下降。肾挫裂伤时出现血尿。

　　胸部外伤主要是肋骨骨折。单纯肋骨骨折时吸气时胸痛，不敢咳嗽。多发性肋骨骨折，则呼吸困难、烦躁不安、口唇青紫。

　　对坠楼病人现场处置十分重要，否则会延误伤情，而不正确的处置又容易使病人“雪上加霜”。

　　颅脑损伤是因为头部着地，形成颅骨骨折脑挫裂伤。如果病人坠楼后即刻昏迷不醒，为原发性脑损伤;如果病人有中间清醒期，即先是昏迷，后意识转清，又陷入昏迷，为颅内血肿引起。对于这类病人要严密观察血压、脉搏、呼吸变化，严密观察瞳孔变化。瞳孔一大一小，意识障碍，偏瘫，说明有脑疝发生。

　　坠楼病人往往是多发性损伤，救护时不能顾此失彼。一般有脑疝发生时，要赶快输入甘露醇、高渗葡萄糖，同时赶紧送往医院。胸部肋骨骨折先包扎固定，其方法多种多样。四肢骨折可就地取材，用木材等固定，木板长度应超过上下两个关节。脊柱损伤特别注意颈椎骨折的处理。搬动伤员时应有一人抱头牵引固定颈部抬上木板担架，用衣服、毛巾、砂袋等固定头颈两侧，以防摆动头部。用担架运送伤员时使伤员脚在先头在后，这样便于抬担架的人观察病人神志及病情变化。

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